On 20th December, the Government of Rwanda officially declared the end of the country’s first Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak, with no new cases reported over the past 42 days. This announcement follows the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol requiring two consecutive negative test results from the last confirmed patient to conclude an outbreak.
The outbreak, confirmed on 27 September 2024, recorded a total of 66 confirmed cases and 15 deaths, resulting in a fatality rate of approximately 23%, significantly lower than the typical range of 24% to 88%. Tragically, nearly 80% of the cases occurred among healthcare workers who were exposed while providing critical care to patients and colleagues.
To halt the spread of the highly virulent virus, the Rwandan Ministry of Health, in partnership with WHO and other key stakeholders, implemented an extensive and effective response strategy. Measures included disease surveillance, widespread testing, stringent infection prevention and control protocols, contact tracing, clinical care, and public awareness campaigns.
“The robust response by Rwanda shows how committed leadership, concerted efforts by partners, and a strong health system are crucial in addressing public health emergencies, saving and protecting lives as well as safeguarding the health of individuals and communities,” remarked Dr. Brian Chirombo, WHO Representative in Rwanda.
These measures produced remarkable results. Cases decreased by 50% within the second and third weeks of detection and dropped by 90% in subsequent weeks. The decisive actions by health authorities, supported by WHO experts and national first responders from neighboring countries, were instrumental in achieving this outcome.
The last confirmed case received their second negative PCR result on 7 November, initiating the 42-day countdown to officially end the outbreak. While the outbreak is now over, WHO continues to work closely with Rwandan health authorities to maintain vigilance against potential flare-ups or new spillovers of the virus.
Efforts are also being made to support survivors of MVD through a comprehensive care program addressing any long-term health effects. This holistic approach aims to ensure that those affected can recover fully and reintegrate into their communities.
Marburg Virus Disease, caused by a virus in the same family as Ebola, is a severe and often fatal illness. The virus is transmitted to humans through contact with infected fruit bats and spreads between people via direct contact with bodily fluids, contaminated surfaces, or materials. It is highly virulent with a fatality rate ranging from 24% to 88%. In this outbreak, the fatality rate was on the lower end, at around 23%.
Rwanda’s ability to manage and overcome this outbreak is a testament to the strength of its health system and the value of international collaboration in addressing public health crises. The lessons learned from this experience will enhance Rwanda’s preparedness for future health emergencies and serve as a model for other nations facing similar challenges.
As Rwanda marks this milestone, it is a moment to reflect on the resilience and dedication of its healthcare workers and the collective efforts of local and international partners in safeguarding public health.